Grasslands+Facts

Lauren M**
 * David B

** Monerans ** An example of bacteria from this kingdom, found in the grasslands, is Pseudomonas.  ****These are found in wet areas or the soil. One //Genus// //species// is //Pseudomonas putida.// **  ** Another example would be //Xanthomonas campestris//, which causes many plant diseases and can be used to make a certain kind of gum. It can be found deep in the wheat of the grasslands. **
 * The kingdom monera is made of different bacteria with no nucleus and is single-celled.

** Protists ** <span style="color: rgb(255, 253, 5);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 81, 255);">Examples of bacteria from this kingdom include Protostelida. Protostelida can be found in soil, dung, or in bark feeding off of other bacteria. A //Genus// //species// would be //Protostelium mycophaga//. **
 * <span style="color: rgb(68, 164, 218);"><span style="color: rgb(231, 39, 179);"><span style="color: rgb(183, 69, 237);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 210, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 253, 5);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 81, 255);">Protists are made up of organisms that makes food (algae), and the other that doesn't (Protozoans).

<span style="color: rgb(128, 74, 207);"><span style="color: rgb(181, 101, 215);"> <span style="color: rgb(160, 92, 204);">**Another example of a protist would be a Trichonympha, the //Genus// //species// being //Trichonympha campanula//. //Trichonympha campanula// is located in the guts of termites and wood roaches, breaking down cellulose for them.**

**Kingdom Fungi**    <span style="display: block; color: rgb(216, 34, 40); text-align: center;">**Fungi organisms are multi-celled, have no chlorophyll, and absorb nutrients instead of making them. Fungi of the grasslands can include //Hygrocybe spp.// or the "waxcap" mushroom. These can be found in places that are well drained and that have a low availability of nitrogen: Like an old unimproved pasture.** **//Hygrocybe spp//. have thick, waxy gills, moist flesh and slimy caps and can be found in pink, green, yellow, or red.**




 * <span style="color: rgb(60, 226, 96);">Another example of a type of fungi sometimes found in some grasslands is //Entoloma rhodopolium,// or wood pinkgill, which is a poisonous mushroom in North American and European grasslands. These can be located on or in soil. **



<span style="color: rgb(0, 99, 255);">**Plants are multi-celled, and have cell walls and chlorophyll. Divisions are as follows:
 * Kingdom Plantae **

Bryophyta Lycopodiophyta Equisetophyta Psilotophyta Polypodiophyta Pinophyta Magnoliophyta

One example from the grasslands of the division Magnoliophyta is grama grass, (//Bouteloua gracilis//). It is found in North America, in dry areas where there is plenty of sun: Making the grasslands it's perfect growing space. It can withstand long droughts but still needs all the water it can get. It's amount decreases in areas that are heavily grazed. Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Monocotyledones Order: Poales Family: Poaceae //Genus//: //Bouteloua// //species//:** **//gracilis//**

//Cycas circinalis// is a type of palm tree that was once thought to be linked to a certain disease, but is now safe. It belongs to the division Pinophyta and can be found in Africa. It can grow in most soils, but prefers loose, sandy soil with organic matter that takes on a lot of sunshine. Kingdom: Plantae Division: Pinophyta **Class: Cycadopsida Order: Cyadales Family: Cyadaceae //Genus//: //Cycas// //species//:<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> //<span style="color: rgb(0, 149, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(26, 157, 255);">circinalis // **

**//Plagiogyria// //glauca// is also a plant found in the grasslands. It is a fern belonging to the division Polypodiophyta. It can be found, like most ferns, growing in the soil. Kingdom: Plantae Division: Polypodiophyta Class: Polypodiopsida Order: Plagiogyriales Family: Plagiogyriaceae Genus: //Plagiogyria// Species: //glauca//**

From the division Bryophyta, there is //Brachythecium rutabulum//: a type of moss. This can be found in high elevations or on decaying logs.

Kingdom: Plantae Division:Bryophyta Class: Bryopsida Order: Bryidae Family: Brachytheciaceae Genus: //Brachythecium// Species: //rutabulum//

Another example is Marchantia polymorpha, a liverwort of the division Hepatophyta. This is found mostly on wet mineral soil, under full sunlight, especially in recently burned areas. Kingdom: Plantae Division: Hepatophyta Class: Hepaticae Order: Marchantiales Family: Marchantiaceae Genus: //Marchantia// Species: //polymorpha//

One other plant found in the grasslands is //Abildgaardia afroorientalis//, from the division Tracheophyta. It is a type of grass found in Kenya. Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Cyperales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: //Abildgaardia// Species: //afroorientalis//

Finally, there is //Acrochaetium brebneri//. It is a type of algae in Kenya that grows in wet areas. Kingdom: Plantae Division: Rhodophyta Class: Florideophyceae Family: Acrochaetiaceae Order: Acrochaetiales Genus: //Acrochaetium// Species: //brebneri//

**<span style="font-size: 220%; color: rgb(255, 26, 26);">Kingdom Animalia Animals are multi-celled, and they digest food inside their body**

<span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;">European Adder **Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Chordata
 * Class:** Reptilia
 * Order:** Squamata
 * Family:** Viperidae
 * Genus:** //Vipera//
 * species:** //berus//

//Vipera berus//, or the European adder are found in the European and Asian grasslands, in sunny areas and rocky hillsides. This snake is considered a secondary carnivore.

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Red-Tailed Hawk <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Kingdom**: Animalia The Red-Tailed Hawk, or //Buteo jamaicensis// lives mainly in trees along grassy roadside verges and on bluffs in North America. The red-tailed hawk is a carnivore.
 * Phylum:** Chrodata
 * Class:** Aves
 * Order:** Accipitriformes
 * Family:** Accipitridae   <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">   <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Genus**: //Buteo//
 * species**: //jamaicensis//

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Knife-footed frog <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Chordata
 * Class:** Amphibia
 * Order:** Anura
 * Family:** Hylidae
 * Genus:** //Cyclorana//
 * species:** //cultripes//

Cyclorana cultripes can only be found in Australia, making it unique there. This amphibian is referred to as a primary carnivore.



<span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;">Eastern Cottontail <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Chordata
 * Class:** Mammalia
 * Order:** Lagomorpha
 * Family:** Leporidae
 * Genus:** //Sylvilagus//
 * species:** //floridanus//

//Sylvilagus floridagus// is a mammal and herbivore that can be found in North and South America, in places such as Arizona, and New Mexico. They dwell in very shrubby areas.



<span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">  <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;">Glossy Pillar Snails <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Mollusca
 * Class:** Gastropoda
 * Order:** Stylommatophora
 * Family:** //Cionellidae//
 * Genus:** //Cionella//
 * species:** //lubrica//

//Cochlicopa lubrica// is a snail that is found in the European grasslands: In places such as Great Britain, Ireland, and the Netherlands. Being a snail, it is a herbivore and a mollusk.



<span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(255, 20, 20);">Pronghorn Antelope **Kingdom:** Animalia This deer-like mammal can be found in places like Wyoming and parts of northern Colorado. It is a herbivore.
 * Phylum:** Chordata
 * Class:** Mammalia
 * Order:** Artiodactyla
 * Family:** Antilocapridae
 * Genus:** //Antilocapra//
 * species:** //americana//



<span style="font-size: 180%; color: rgb(255, 10, 10);">//Mermis nigrescens// **Kingdom:** Animalia This roundworm has no common name and can be found in the British Isles, Europe, and North America. It feeds off a living host when young, and does not eat when older.
 * Phylum:** Nematoda
 * Class:** Adenophorea
 * Order:** Stichosomida
 * Family:** Mermithidae
 * Genus****:** Mermis
 * species:** nigrescens

<span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> Grasshopper Sparrow **<span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> Kingdom:** Animalia This omnivore is found in southern Canada and the United States. However, they migrate to Central America and the Caribbean. <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> Growling Grass Frog<span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> This can be found in South eastern Australia, where it is native to, but in other places too. It is an amphibian and a primary carnivore.
 * Phylum:** Chordata
 * Class:** Aves
 * Order:** Passeriformes
 * Family:** Emberizidae
 * Genus:** //Ammodramus//
 * species:** //savannarum//
 * Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Chordata
 * Class:** Amphibia
 * Order:** Anura       **<span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Family: Hylidae        **<span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">        <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">        <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">        <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">        <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Genus:** //Litoria//
 * Species:** //raniformis//

<span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> Arizona bark scorpion <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> This arthropod is a carnivore and can be found in the southwest U.S.
 * Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Arthropoda
 * Class:** Chelicerata
 * Order:** Scorpiones   **<span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Family: Buthidae        **<span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">        <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Genus:** //Centruroides//
 * Species:** //sculpturatis//

<span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> <span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(250, 0, 3);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> Western Fox Snake      <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Kingdom:** Animalia

=
<span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">         ===== <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Phylum:** Chordata The western fox snake can be found in open prairies and farmland, in places like Michigan and Wisconsin. It is a secondary carnivore.
 * Class:** Reptilia
 * Order:** Squamata
 * Family:** Colubridae
 * Genus:** //Pantherophis//
 * Species:** //vulpina//

<span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> **Red Harvester Ants**<span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> The red harvester ant is an arthropod and can be found in open areas in Texas. Being an ant it is an omnivore.
 * Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Arthropoda
 * Class:** Insecta
 * Order:** Hymenoptera
 * Family:** Formicidae
 * Genus:** //Pogonomyrmex//
 * Species:** //barbatus//

<span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> **Milk worm**<span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> This decomposer is a segmented worm and can be found in subsoil or sometimes on topsoil.
 * Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Annelida
 * Class:** Polychaeta
 * Order:** Opisthopora
 * Family:** Megascolecidae
 * Genus:** //Octochaetus//
 * Species:** //multiporus//

<span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> **Giant kidney worm**<span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> The Giant kidney worm can be found inside of maned wolves living in grasslands. They are roundworms and are also decomposers.
 * Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Nimathelminthes
 * Class:** Nematoda
 * Order:** Enoplida
 * Family:** Dioctophymidae
 * Genus:** //Dioctophyme//
 * Species:** //renale//

<span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> **Banded Dune Snail**<span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> This mollusk can be found under rocks and debris. It is a herbivore.
 * Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Mollusca
 * Class:** Gastropoda
 * Order:** Stylommatophora
 * Family:** Helminthoglyptidae
 * Genus:** //Helminthoglypta//
 * Species:** //walkeriana//

<span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> **Giant Gippsland Earthworm**<span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> Being an earthworm, it is also a decomposer and a segmented worm. It is native to Australia, in the subsoil of clay soils.
 * Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Annelida
 * Class:** Clitellata
 * Order:** Opisthopora
 * Family:** Megascolecidae
 * Genus:** Megascolides
 * Species:** australis



<span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> **New Zealand Flat Worm**<span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> This decomposer is found in New Zealand, resting on the surface of soil or hunting underneath it.
 * Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Platyhelminthes
 * Class:** Turbellaria
 * Order:** Tricladida
 * Family:** Geoplanidae
 * Genus:** Artioposthia
 * Species:** triangulata



<span style="color: rgb(255, 10, 10);"> **Lancet Liver Fluke**<span style="font-size: 60%; color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> This Flat worm is a decomposer and can be found in the liver of animals, such as a terrestrial snail.
 * Kingdom:** Animalia
 * Phylum:** Platyhelminthes
 * Class:** Trematoda
 * Order:** Plagiorchiida
 * Family:** Dicrocoeliidae
 * Genus:** Dicrocoelium
 * Species:** dendriticum

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