Tundra+Facts

Megan H. Ethan C**.**
 * __ The Five Kingdoms __ **

**__Monerans__**     Monerans are organisms with no nucleus and are usually single-celled. Two examples are //Myxococcux fulvus// and //Staphylococcus epidermis//  .

   //Staphylococcus epidermis// is a small, ball shaped moneran. They mostly reside on human and animal skin, hence the species name epidermis. They also make up some of the soil in the harsh tundra. They are found in the Phylum bacteria//.//  //Myxococcus// //fulvus// are also found in the makeup of tundra soil. They appear as small droplets of water standing up. They are mostly harmless, not carrying any sicknesses. In the summer, some of these moneran reach the surface of the ground as a thin layer of soil melts. This bacteria moves by "flowing" over the ground.

__ **Protists ** __   Protists are tiny organisms with a nucleus and organelles. Most are usually single-celled. Two examples are //Loricate suctorians// and //Chalamydononas navilis.//  //Loricate suctorians// are a protist that lacks cilia, their "legs" with which they "swim". Most live in the pools of water left after the tundra's snow melts. These protists often use specialized tentacles to catch their prey, thus making them a protazoan. They are in the Phylum of c//iliophora.// Mostly, they reproduce by budding into another organism.  //Chalnivalis// //amydondas// is often known as "watermelon snow," as it turns the snow it resides in red when compressed, and has a slight smell of the fruit. It is of pink or red coloration. A member of the green algae Phylum, this organism is found in the plentiful winter snow in the tundra, hence the name.

__**Fungi**__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Fungi are multicelled organisms that absorb nutrients rather than hunt, and have no chlorophyll to make their own food. Two examples are //Caldonia rangiferina,// commonly known as Reindeer moss, and //Cetraria islandica,// or Iceland moss. // C <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">aldonia rangiferina, //<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> or Reindeer moss, is, as the name suggests, a popular food source for herbivores in the tundra. This fungus is really a lichen, which combines a fungus and a bacteria.It is found only in the tundra's short summer growing season. Of light green and grey coloration, this plant takes a long time to regrow from damage. It is a fruticose lichen, which has a network of small branches. This lichen contains a large amount of cladina and has a body mainly composed of starch, like most tundra lichens. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> //Cetraria islandica//, or Iceland moss, is found in the more southern regions of the tundra, such as on Iceland. A common misconception about this plant is that it is a moss. In truth, it is a lichen, a combonation of a fungus and a bacteria.The leaves look like tiny sprigs of parsely. It is almost always found on ground of the tundra in the summer. An edible moss, it is renowned for its bitter taste, yet good medical properties, such as relieving chest pains. It contains bacterias and acids such as lichenin, fumaric acid, and thallochlor. The body is made of common starch.

<span style="color: #0028ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> Plants are multi-celled organisms with cell walls and chlorophyll, so they can make their own food. Some examples found in the tundra are Wood Horsetails, Common club mosses, Glittering Wood-mosses,   Bearberries, the Korean Fir, Alpine-Lady ferns, and liverworts. <span style="color: #0029ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">  Kingdom: Plantae Division: Petridophyta Class: Equisetopsida Order: Equisetales Family: Equisetaceae Genus: //Equisetum// species: //sylvaticum//
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> __Plants__ **

The Wood Horsetail, or //Equisetum sulvaticum,// grows in the thin soil during the summer in the tundra.

<span style="color: #0040ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">  Kingdom: Plantae Division: Lycopodiophyta Class: Lycopodiopsida Order: Lycopodiales Family: Lycopodiaceae Genus: //Lycopodium// species: //clavatum//

Common club moss, or //Lycopodium clavatum,// is found in the southern regions of the tundra, mostly on rocks and rotting grasses.



<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> Kingdom: Plantae Division: Bryophyta Class: Bryopsida Subclass: Bryidae Order: Hypnales Family: Hylocomiaceae Genus: //Hylocomium// species: //splendens// <span style="color: #53ff00; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"><span style="color: #0012ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Glittering Wood-moss, or //Hlocomium splendens,// is found growing in soil and decaying plant matter in the tundra.

<span style="color: #052deb; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">   Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Ericales Family: Ericaceae Genus:   <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #001aff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">   //Arctostathylos// species: //uva-ursi//

Bearberry, or //Arctostathylos uva-ursi,// grows in the tundra summer and in the beginning of the winter on the open plains of the tundra.
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Abies_koreana_%28szyszki%29.JPG/240px-Abies_koreana_%28szyszki%29.JPG width="314" height="216" caption="Korean Fir" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Abies_koreana_(szyszki).JPG"]] ||
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Abies_koreana_%28szyszki%29.JPG/240px-Abies_koreana_%28szyszki%29.JPG width="314" height="216" caption="Korean Fir" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Abies_koreana_(szyszki).JPG"]] ||

<span style="color: #0912ec; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> Kingdom: Plantae Division: Pinophyta Class: Pinopsida Order: Pinales Family: Pinaceae Genus: <span style="color: #1017da; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">   <span style="color: #1e00ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">  //Abies// species: //koreana//

Korean Fir, or //Abies koreana,// grows in the upper part of North America or mountains in the tundra.

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<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #0036ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> Kingdom: Plantae Division: Filicinophyta Class: Filicopsida Order: Athyriales Family: Woodsiaceae Genus: //Athyrium// species: //distentifolium//

The Alpine Lady fern, or //Athyrium distentifolium,// lives in the tundra soil or in soil-filled cracks in rocks.



<span style="color: #1300ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> Kingdom: Plantae Division: Hepaticophyta Class: Hepaticopsida Order: Marchantiales Family: Marchantiaceae Genus: //Marchantia// species: //polymorpha//

//Marchantia polymorpha// is found growing on the ground and on rocks in the tundra. __** <span style="font-size: 140%; color: #ff0505; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> Animals are multi-celled organisms that digest food inside their bodies. Some animals found in the tundra are polar bears, snowy owls, Arctic foxes, Northern Collared lemmings, snow buntings, whipworms, caribou, ermines, black deer flies, marsh slugs, Highland midges,
 * __ <span style="font-size: 150%; color: #ff0505; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Animals



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Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Ursidae Genus: //Ursus// species: maritimus Polar bears, or //Ursus maritimus// can be found all through the polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Polar bears are carnivores.



Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae Genus: //Bubo// species: scandiacus The snowy owl, or //Bubo scaniacus// can be found in the northern circumpolar regions. snowy owls are carnivores.

<span style="color: #1500ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: //Vulpes// species: lagopus The Arctic fox, or //Vulpes lagopus// can be found in northern parts of Alaska and in Iceland. The Arctic fox is an omnivore.



<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ea1a1a; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Genus: //Dicrostonyx// species: //groenlandicus// The Northern Collared lemming, or //Dicrostonyx groenlandicus//, is found in the tundra in Canada, Alaska, and Greenland. The Northern Collared lemming is a herbivore.

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #38ad45; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae Genus: //Plectrophenax// species: //navilis// The snow bunting, or //Plectrophenax navilis,// lives throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The snow bunting is an omnivore.



<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #1602ed; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: Adenophorea Order: Trichurida Family: Trichinellidae Genus: //Trichinella// species: //spiralis// The whipworm, or //Trichinella spiralis,// lives in the intestines of polar bears that live in the tundra. The whipworm is a carnivore.



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Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Cervidae Genus: //Rangifer// species: tarandus The caribou, or //Rangifer tarandus,// lives in the arctic tundra, the mountain tundra, and in the forests of North America. The caribou are herbivores.



Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae Genus: //Mustela// species: erminea The ermine, or //Mustela erminea,// is found all over Canada, the northern USA, Europe, and Asia. The ermine is a carnivore.

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ffae29; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Diptera Family: Tabanidae Genus: //Chrysops// species: //niger// The black deer fly, or //Chrysops niger,// lives in the Canadian tundra. The black deer fly is a herbivore.

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #1e00ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Order: Pulmonata Family: Agriolimacidae Genus: //Deroceras// species: //laeve// The marsh slug, or //Deroceras laeve,// lives in the European tundra. The marsh slug is a herbivore.

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #d10026; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Kingdom: Amimalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Diptera Family: <span style="color: #ff0f0f; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Ceratopogonidae Genus: // <span style="color: #ff0f0f; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Culicoides //species: //impunctatus// The Highland midge, or //Culicoides impunctatus,// lives in the alpine tundra in Europe. The Highland midge is a carnivore.



<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #4271cd; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae Genus: //Arenaria// species: //interpres// The ruddy turnstone, or //Arenaria interpres,// lives in the low regions of the European tundra. The ruddy turnstone is an omnivore.



Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Genus: //Ovibos// species: moschatus The Musk-Ox, or //Ovibos moschatus,// live in the arctic tundra and they are herbivores.



<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #ff7100; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: Secernentea Order: Ascaridida Family: Ascarididae Genus: //Ascaris// species: //lumbricoides// The roundworm, or //Ascaris lumbricoides,// lives inside the small intestine of carnivores and scavengers in the tundra. The roundworm is a carnivore.



<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #f40101; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Order: Pulmonata Family: Agriolimacidae Genus: //Deroceras// species: //hesperium// Evening fieldslugs, or //Deroceras hesperium,// lives in the Canadian tundra. Evening fieldslugs are herbivores.

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