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 Megan H. Ethan C.

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 ** Location ** The harsh Arctic tundra biome can be found in the Northern Hemisphere. The landscape is barren and dry. It occurs in the northern regions of Russia and Canada, usually above the taiga belt. Most of the tundra ground is solid permafrost. A defining feature of this biome is its treeless nature, since roots cannot dig into the frozen ground. A few of the peoples that live there are the Nenets and the Nganasans, who are nomadic reindeer herders. There is also the Alpine tundra, which is found in high altitudes, such as on mountains.

** Climate ** The tundra's harsh climate includes two main seasons, winter and summer. Winter temperatures average around negative 70 degrees C, and summer temperatures usually come out around 12 degrees C. The tundra's rainfall is around 15.3 in the summer and around 25.4 centimeters in the winter, consisting mostly of melting snow. The average tundra wind speed can be from 48 to 97 kilometers per hour. Many marshes and small ponds form when melting snow cannot soak into the permanently frozen ground. The Alpine tundra has mostly the same temperature as the Arctic, but less precipitation due to the low temperatures. On separate continents, the climate differs little or none due to similar locations for both the Arctic and the Alpine tundra.

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